When Centre
College in Kentucky declared in July that it had received a $250
million donation from its former trustee chair, Houston entrepreneur
Robert Brockman, via a trust created by his father, it garnered
national headlines. As one of the largest-ever gifts to higher
education, it would almost double the tiny school’s endowment. A
related announcement in September was less heralded: The gift, made
in stock, as part of a recapitalization that never happened, had been
withdrawn.
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Centre
College’s example, while extreme, isn’t unusual. Philanthropists
who make pledges during boom times sometimes renege when markets
tank; others pull back based on preconditions such as milestones or
matches. The large majority of donors deliver on their word, but many
a high-profile, big-money promise dribbles in over time frames that
can exceed a decade. And while the rich and famous often give
generously to their foundations, those foundations need deploy only
5% of the total each year, shrinking the effect.
In
order to separate words and actual deeds, FORBES, in partnership with
the Philanthropic Research Institute, decided to rank which Americans
gave the most in the last calendar year–not money pledged but
actual cash deployed in the field. “Givers now want to see an
impact while they’re still alive,” says PRI founder R.J. Shook, a
former Wall Street entrepreneur. The Philanthropic 50 was
winnowed from a short list of 1,620 people, most of whom showed up in
PRI’s proprietary database that denoted the 50,000-plus largest
individual donations to recipients for 2012.
Forty
of the Philanthropic 50 are also on the Forbes Billionaires list, led
by those at the very top: Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren
Buffett, the founders of the Giving Pledge, who took the top two
spots. Each put almost $2 billion toward philanthropic work in
2012–the year’s only ten-digit givers–with Gates edging Buffett
by a mere $35 million. While it doesn’t count in our rankings, our
list also attempts to estimate lifetime giving, with the Gateses and
Buffett both giving away at least $25 billion apiece through the end
of last year.
That
latter number for Buffett will grow rapidly. He has committed that
his entire Berkshire Hathaway holding, north of $58
billion, will be donated before or at his death, with a further
mandate that it will be put to use within ten years of the latter.
Add in his selfless giving model–he outsources to the Gates
Foundation, his name on nary a building or endowment–and Omaha’s
Oracle proved an easy choice for the inaugural Forbes 400 Lifetime
Achievement Award for Philanthropy, presented to him by Bono at a
dinner at the Forbes 400 Summit on Philanthropy in June.
“The
truth is I have never given a penny away that had any utility to me,”
Buffett told the 150-plus billionaires and near-billionaires, who
gathered at the United Nations Delegates Dining Room. “I am very
grateful for this award, I accept this award. But I’d like to
accept it not only for myself but for those millions of people who
really give away money that’s important to them because they see
somebody else where they think they can do more good.”
Buffett
concluded with a message for those who haven’t yet taken his Giving
Pledge, a commitment by billionaires to give away at least half of
their fortune during their lives or when they pass: “If you have
trouble living on $500 million, I’m gonna put out a book, How to
Live on $500 Million . Think about whether the other $500 million
might do more for humanity than it will for you and your family.”
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